International organisations

1. The UN (United Nations) is a broad international organization focused on maintaining global peace, security, and human rights.
2. The WHO (World Health Organization) is a specialized agency of the UN that focuses exclusively on international public health.

💡 À retenir : The UN is the "umbrella" organization, while the WHO is a specific branch for health.

1. No, the IMF (International Monetary Fund) does not give money to individuals.
2. It provides financial assistance (loans) to countries that have trouble paying their international debts.

💡 À retenir : The IMF helps governments stabilize their economies, not individual people.

1. Use the passive voice when the action is more important than the actor.
2. Structure: Object + be (conjugated) + Past Participle.
3. Example: "Vaccines were distributed by the WHO."

💡 À retenir : Use "is/are + past participle" for present facts about organizations.

1. Intergovernmental organizations (like the UN) are created by treaties between countries.
2. NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations like Red Cross) are independent of governments and usually non-profit.

💡 À retenir : Check if the members are states (Intergovernmental) or private individuals/groups (NGO).

1. Its primary goal is to reduce poverty worldwide.
2. It provides loans and grants to developing countries for capital programs (like building schools or roads).

💡 À retenir : Think of the World Bank as a development partner for poor or developing nations.

1. It is often mentioned in texts about cultural heritage and education.
2. You might be asked about its role in protecting historical sites or promoting literacy.

💡 À retenir : Focus on "Education, Science, and Culture" as keywords for UNESCO.

1. No, you don't need dates or deep history.
2. Focus on their current mission, their impact, and the problems they solve today.

💡 À retenir : Focus on "What do they do?" rather than "When were they created?".

1. It refers to material or logistical assistance provided to people in need.
2. It is usually given during natural disasters, wars, or famines.

💡 À retenir : Humanitarian aid = saving lives and alleviating suffering.

1. It is a technique used by the UN to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for lasting peace.
2. It involves deploying soldiers (Blue Helmets) to monitor ceasefires.

💡 À retenir : Peacekeeping = maintaining stability in conflict zones.

1. Not always. They face challenges like lack of funding or political disagreement between member states.
2. You can discuss these limitations in an argumentative essay.

💡 À retenir : Be balanced; acknowledge their importance but mention their challenges.

1. The WTO (World Trade Organization) deals with the rules of trade between nations.
2. It ensures that trade flows as smoothly and predictably as possible.

💡 À retenir : WTO = Trade and commerce rules.

1. Use formal salutations (Dear Sir/Madam).
2. State your purpose clearly.
3. Use formal language (avoid contractions like "don't").

💡 À retenir : Keep it professional, concise, and respectful.