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Anglais · 1ère Année Bac — Sciences et Technologies Électriques

Health and welfare

Le cours expliqué simplement, les questions que tous les élèves se posent et des exercices type examen national. Programme marocain, gratuit.

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L'essentiel du cours

1. Vocabulary: Health and Lifestyle

  • Healthy lifestyle: A way of living that lowers the risk of being seriously ill. (Ex: Eating vegetables, exercising regularly).
  • Unhealthy lifestyle: A way of living that can lead to diseases. (Ex: Eating junk food, smoking, sedentary lifestyle).
  • Diet: The food and drink that a person habitually consumes.
    • A balanced diet: A diet containing all necessary nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, etc.).
  • Common health problems: Obesity, diabetes, heart disease, stress, flu, infection.
  • Prevention: Actions taken to stop diseases from happening (Ex: Vaccination, hygiene, regular check-ups).

2. Grammar: Modals of Advice, Obligation, and Necessity

  • Advice (Conseil):
    • $Subject + should / shouldn't + Verb (infinitive)$
    • Example: You should eat more fruit. / You shouldn't sleep late.
  • Obligation (Obligation forte):
    • $Subject + must + Verb (infinitive)$ (Internal obligation/rule).
    • $Subject + have \ to + Verb (infinitive)$ (External obligation/law).
    • Example: You must see a doctor immediately.
  • Prohibition (Interdiction):
    • $Subject + mustn't + Verb (infinitive)$
    • Example: You mustn't smoke in hospitals.
  • Lack of necessity (Absence d'obligation):
    • $Subject + don't \text{ / } doesn't \text{ have to} + Verb (infinitive)$
    • Example: You don't have to go to the hospital if you feel better.

Méthodes à maîtriser

  1. Donner un conseil (Giving advice):
    • Utilise toujours la structure : $Should + Verb$.
    • Si tu veux être plus formel, utilise : $It \text{ is advisable to } + Verb$.
  2. Exprimer le but (Expressing purpose):
    • Pour expliquer pourquoi on fait quelque chose pour la santé : $to + Verb$ ou $in \text{ order to } + Verb$.
    • Example: We exercise $in \text{ order to } stay \text{ fit}$.
  3. Différencier l'interdiction de l'absence d'obligation :
    • $Mustn't$ = C'est interdit (danger/règle).
    • $Don't \text{ have to}$ = Ce n'est pas nécessaire, mais tu peux le faire si tu veux.

Exemples corrigés

Exemple 1 (Grammar): Question: Rewrite using "should": "It is a good idea to drink water every day." Réponse: You should drink water every day.

Exemple 2 (Vocabulary): Question: Complete: "A person who doesn't move much and sits all day has a _______ lifestyle." Réponse: A sedentary lifestyle.

Erreurs fréquentes

  • Erreur 1: Utiliser "must" pour un simple conseil.
    • Faux: You must eat vegetables. (Trop fort, comme un ordre).
    • Juste: You should eat vegetables.
  • Erreur 2: Oublier l'infinitif après le modal.
    • Faux: He should eats.
    • Juste: He should eat.
  • Erreur 3: Confondre "mustn't" et "don't have to".
    • Faux: You mustn't wear a coat (ça veut dire que c'est interdit de porter un manteau !).
    • Juste: You don't have to wear a coat (ce n'est pas nécessaire, mais tu peux le faire).
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Défi flash : 4 questions

Sans compte

🎯 Health and welfare

1/4

Which sentence gives advice?

❓ Questions fréquentes

Chno lfarq bin "must" o "should"?

C'est une question de force :

  1. Should est utilisé pour donner un conseil (advice). C'est une suggestion. (Ex: You should sleep more).
  2. Must est utilisé pour une obligation forte ou une règle. C'est un ordre. (Ex: You must wear a seatbelt).
Kifach n3ti advice l chi wahed b l'anglais?

Pour donner un conseil, utilise ces structures simples :

  1. Subject + should + verb: You should exercise regularly.
  2. Subject + shouldn't + verb (pour un conseil négatif): You shouldn't eat too much sugar.
  3. Why? Ajoute toujours la raison avec "to" ou "because": You should sleep more to stay healthy.
Wach "mustn't" hiya "don't have to"?

Non ! Attention, c'est une erreur grave !

  1. Mustn't = Interdiction (C'est interdit, ne le fais pas !).
  2. Don't have to = Absence d'obligation (Ce n'est pas nécessaire, mais tu es libre de le faire).
What is the difference between a "balanced diet" and "junk food"?
  1. A balanced diet consists of healthy foods like fruits, vegetables, and proteins that provide all necessary nutrients.
  2. Junk food refers to unhealthy food that is high in fat, sugar, and salt but low in nutritional value (e.g., burgers, soda).
How can we prevent many diseases?

We can prevent diseases by:

  1. Maintaining good hygiene (washing hands).
  2. Eating a balanced diet.
  3. Doing regular physical activity.
  4. Getting enough sleep and avoiding stress.
What does "sedentary lifestyle" mean?

A sedentary lifestyle means a way of living that involves very little physical activity and a lot of sitting (e.g., watching TV all day, working at a desk without breaks).

Can you give me some examples of healthy habits?

Yes, some healthy habits are:

  • Drinking plenty of water.
  • Eating fresh fruits and vegetables.
  • Exercising at least 30 minutes a day.
  • Sleeping 7 to 8 hours per night.
What is the purpose of regular medical check-ups?

The purpose of regular check-ups is to detect health problems early and to prevent serious diseases before they start.

Why is stress bad for our health?

Stress is bad because it can lead to other health problems like high blood pressure, headaches, and mental health issues like anxiety.

What are the symptoms of a common cold?

Common symptoms include a sore throat, coughing, a runny nose, and sometimes a mild fever.

Is "fast food" good for your health? Why?

No, fast food is not good for your health because it is usually processed and contains too much salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats.

How do we express "the goal" of an action in English?

To express the goal (le but), we use:

  1. To + infinitive: I exercise to stay fit.
  2. In order to + infinitive: I eat vegetables in order to be healthy.

✍️ Exercices type examen national

Exercice 1

Exercise 1: Vocabulary (Matching) Match the words in column A with their definitions in column B.

Column AColumn B
1. Obesitya. A person's usual eating habits.
2. Nutrientsb. The state of being extremely overweight.
3. Dietc. Substances in food that help the body grow and stay healthy.
4. Hygiened. Practices like washing hands to stay clean and healthy.

Exercise 2: Grammar (Modals) Fill in the blanks with: should, shouldn't, must, mustn't, or don't have to.

  1. You __________ smoke in public places; it is strictly forbidden by law.
  2. If you feel tired, you __________ take a rest.
  3. You __________ wash the dishes; the dishwasher is already running.
  4. To stay healthy, you __________ eat too many sweets.
  5. You __________ see a doctor immediately if the pain continues.

Exercise 3: Writing (Paragraph) Your friend, Ahmed, eats a lot of fast food, drinks many sodas, and never exercises. Write a short paragraph (40-50 words) to give him advice on how to improve his health. Use "should" and "in order to".

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