Theme: Science, Technology and Ethics

1. Science is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.
2. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry.

💡 À retenir : Science is the "why" and "how" of nature; technology is the "tool" we build from it.

1. Start with a hook (a general statement about progress).
2. Define the technology briefly.
3. State the conflict (e.g., "While X offers benefits, it poses significant ethical risks").

💡 À retenir : Always balance the positive potential with the moral concern.

1. F had le chapitre, kankhedmo le passif bach nركزو (focus) 3la l'objet awla l'action (ex: "The data was stolen") ktar mn l'acteur.
2. Kankhedmouh bzaf f les rapports techniques bach nbanou objective.

💡 À retenir : Use passive voice when the actor is less important than the scientific discovery itself.

1. Yes, but keep them professional.
2. Use them to illustrate a broader point about society rather than just telling a story.

💡 À retenir : Personal anecdotes should support your argument, not replace it.

1. Ma kaynach 7saba (calculation) b7al l'économie, mais kankhedmo "Pros and Cons".
2. 7seb (list) 3 points positifs (efficiency, health) vs 3 points négatifs (privacy, job loss).

💡 À retenir : Balance is key; show both sides of the coin.

1. Contrast: However, nevertheless, on the contrary.
2. Consequence: Therefore, consequently, as a result.
3. Addition: Furthermore, moreover, in addition.

💡 À retenir : Use these to show the logical flow of your ethical reasoning.

1. Non, ce n'est pas nécessaire.
2. L'examen national demande de comprendre les enjeux éthiques, pas l'histoire des sciences.

💡 À retenir : Focus on the consequences of technology, not the dates.

1. Use it to introduce expert opinions: "The researcher stated that AI would change the future."
2. Ensure the tense shifts correctly (e.g., will becomes would).

💡 À retenir : Reporting experts adds credibility to your argument.

1. No, it has medical benefits (curing diseases).
2. The ethical issue is about "designer babies" or playing with nature.

💡 À retenir : Nuance is essential; distinguish between medical necessity and moral overreach.

1. Follow the instructions on the exam paper (usually 200-250 words).
2. Quality over quantity.

💡 À retenir : A well-structured essay with clear arguments is better than a long, messy one.

1. It is better to use formal expressions like "It is argued that" or "One might suggest".
2. Keep it objective.

💡 À retenir : Academic writing prefers impersonal structures.

1. Use a synonym or describe the concept (circumlocution).
2. Don't leave a blank space.

💡 À retenir : Use simple, clear English rather than complex words you aren't sure about.